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[最新](https://www.nike.com/tw/stories) - [DNA](https://www.nike.com/tw/stories/dna) - [指導](https://www.nike.com/tw/stories/coaching) - [運動員\*](https://www.nike.com/tw/stories/athletes) - [社群](https://www.nike.com/tw/stories/community) - [文化](https://www.nike.com/tw/stories/culture) - [創新](https://www.nike.com/tw/stories/innovation) - [所有精彩故事](https://www.nike.com/tw/stories/all) 靈感 # 強大核心的真實模樣 ##### 指導 重點不在六塊肌,而是你可能從未察覺的完整肌肉網絡。本文將分享訓練方法,讓你發揮肌肉的最大效能。 上一次更新:2020年12月23日 ![核心強大對發揮表現的好處](https://static.nike.com/a/images/f_auto/dpr_1.0,cs_srgb/w_1824,c_limit/a079b467-8fb6-4569-9d75-db94eeadead0/image.jpg) 你可能不覺得體重 180 公斤的相撲會有腹肌,多數人也都認為六塊肌是強大核心的象徵。事實上,肌肉的線條與核心強度全然無關。Sue Falsone 是運動物理治療臨床專家以及專攻恢復活動的 Nike Performance Council 成員,她認為:「有些運動員體型雖然豐腴,但其實擁有大量肌肉。這證明了即使體態不精瘦,也能非常強而有力。」 不論你想要加強舉重表現、在壘球校隊中脫穎而出,或純粹想外出健行,若擁有強壯穩定的核心,運動時就會更輕鬆,並降低受傷風險。 ## 深入探究核心 其實,人體的核心至少由 30 條肌肉組成,要給個確切數字有點困難,因為有些專家認為核心包含了橫膈膜和骨盆底肌肉,甚至背闊肌和胸肌也算在內 (核心的定義在健身圈是頗具爭議的話題)。物理治療教授和俄亥俄州立大學臨床、機能和表現生物力學實驗室主任 Ajit Chaudhari 博士認為,以下是大家較認可的主要核心肌肉: 1. __腹直肌__ 這是貫穿上下腹部的長條肌肉,可讓肋骨和骨盆向中間收緊,以利進行仰臥起坐和丟擲、跑步和跳躍等全身運動,同時也是廣為人知的「六塊肌」。腹直肌是由筋膜所生成,這個宛如保鮮膜的結締組織環繞在肌肉和內臟周圍,將肌肉劃分為六個或八個區塊 (補充說明:你可能已經有一點肌肉線條,而腹肌的明顯程度主要與覆蓋在肌肉外側的脂肪厚度有關)。 2. __腹斜肌__ 腹斜肌位於腹直肌的兩側,這個同時有內外側的部位也叫做「側腹肌」,能讓你在練習對角線式仰臥起坐時扭轉身體。 3. __腹橫肌及腰方肌__ 腹直肌和腹斜肌的底層是正背面皆有的深層核心肌群,例如功能宛如馬甲的腹橫肌 (簡稱 TA) 就是最深層的核心肌肉,它能壓縮腹腔並拉緊筋膜,形成強大的「網狀」組織。腰方肌 (簡稱 QL) 則位於下背部的兩側,可在側彎時幫助穩定整個脊椎。 4. __豎脊肌及多裂肌__ 豎脊肌是下背部最明顯的肌肉,可幫助伸展和側彎。多裂肌是下背部較小的深層肌群,這個小肌肉從下背部一路延伸至頭骨,有助於拉伸下背部,且能讓脊椎保持直挺、避免彎曲。 此外,還有腰大肌、髖內收肌群、髖外展肌群、臀大肌等其他肌肉,但這些肌肉與下半身機能較為相關,不屬於「所謂的」核心肌群。 ![核心強大對發揮表現的好處](https://static.nike.com/a/images/f_auto/dpr_1.0,cs_srgb/h_1616,c_limit/e39f8f56-3de4-458b-974d-c2f5bea2632b/image.jpg) ## 堅實核心的重要性 Falsone 表示:「如果把身體想像成輪子,核心就像是輪軸。」這樣的話,手臂和雙腳就是「輻條」。如果核心區塊強而穩定,就能適當地產生和吸收動能。跑步時將更加輕鬆,因為雙腳不用再承受所有的地面衝擊;前臂力量十足,因為手臂不再是揮拍時唯一產生動能的部位。 Falsone 認為,核心穩定代表「輪軸」具有強大的肌肉控制力,讓輻條可在脊椎直挺的情況下活動。滑輪伐木抗旋轉運動正是一個良好範例。如果核心穩定度足夠,就能保持脊椎固定,並使用肩部和手臂肌肉平穩地拉動繩索。Falsone 表示,如果穩定度不足,你就會以不安全的方式扭轉背部,或是因為手臂承受太多壓力而無法持續運動。 ## 「如果把身體想像成輪子,核心就像是輪軸。」 __Sue Falsone__ 運動物理治療臨床專家及 Nike Performance Council 成員 核心無力還會讓人陷入下半身受傷的風險。Chaudhari 近期的研究發現,核心穩定度不足的初階跑者具有較高的膝蓋受傷風險。Chaudhari 表示:「如果無法控制核心,就會比較容易扭傷膝蓋或腳踝。」這主要是因為承受強大晃動能量的部位是雙腿,而不是核心。 ## 如何強化核心力量 你可能早已知道,強化核心的好方法並非無止盡的仰臥起坐。Falsone 認為,大家經常以錯誤的方式進行仰臥起坐;就算做對了,這個運動對脊椎也不是很有益處。 理想的訓練是全身運動,尤其是單腳或單手這類單邊運動。Falsone 說:「如果你能單手拿著啞鈴做弓箭步,就能活動核心肌肉。單手二頭肌彎舉也能帶來微小的旋轉力量,藉此鍛鍊身體穩定度。」不妨定期尋找結合單邊訓練的運動計畫。 除此之外,做一些核心專屬訓練也很有幫助。Chaudhari 認為,最好從每週 3 到 5 天、每天花 5 到 10 分鐘單純訓練核心開始。他表示:「多數人的核心肌耐力並不好,所以一天做幾分鐘就可以了。」如果你剛好具備足夠的肌耐力 (恭喜!) 或是開始覺得難度降低了,就可以拉長訓練時間。 一開始可以嘗試鳥狗式:四肢著地,接著舉起一隻手臂及另一側的腿,與地面保持水平,維持姿勢一分鐘。也可以練習死蟲式:以桌面式仰躺,伸長一隻手臂及另一側的腿,直到兩邊都懸停在地面上,然後換邊並持續輪流交替。此外,還可以練習平板式、側平板式、利用抗力球做腿部彎舉和使用健腹輪。 透過強而有效的運動計畫和較舒適的全身運動,就算傲人的腹肌無法立刻出現,你依然能在短時間內看見其他成效。 ![核心強大對發揮表現的好處, 更進一步](https://static.nike.com/a/images/f_auto/dpr_1.0,cs_srgb/w_1212,c_limit/8efe4a65-7588-4582-a5c8-2e3dc912e545/image.jpg) ### 更進一步 歡迎使用 Nike Training Club 應用程式,取得更多專家提供的心理調適、運動、營養、恢復和睡眠建議。 [立即試用 NTC](https://www.nike.com/tw/ntc-app) ### 更進一步 歡迎使用 Nike Training Club 應用程式,取得更多專家提供的心理調適、運動、營養、恢復和睡眠建議。 [立即試用 NTC](https://smart.link/5deaab27fce3c) 初始發布:2020年11月6日 資源 [加入會員](https://www.nike.com/tw/register) [跑鞋搜尋工具](https://www.nike.com/tw/running/shoe-finder) [Nike 指導](https://www.nike.com/tw/coaching) [傳送意見回饋](https://www.nike.com#site-feedback) 協助 [取得協助](https://www.nike.com/tw/help) [訂單狀態](https://www.nike.com/tw/orders) [出貨與寄送](https://www.nike.com/tw/help/a/shipping-delivery-gs) [退貨](https://www.nike.com/tw/help/a/returns-policy-gs) [付款選項](https://www.nike.com/tw/help/a/payment-options-gs) [聯絡我們](https://www.nike.com/tw/help/#contact) 公司 [關於 Nike](http://about.nike.com/) [最新消息](http://about.nike.com/zh-Hant/newsroom) [職涯發展](https://careers.nike.com) [投資者](http://investors.nike.com/) [環境永續性](https://www.nike.com/tw/sustainability) [影響力](https://about.nike.com/zh-Hant/impact) [報告疑慮](https://speakup.nike.com) ## 資源 [加入會員](https://www.nike.com/tw/register) [跑鞋搜尋工具](https://www.nike.com/tw/running/shoe-finder) [Nike 指導](https://www.nike.com/tw/coaching) [傳送意見回饋](https://www.nike.com#site-feedback) ## 協助 [取得協助](https://www.nike.com/tw/help) [訂單狀態](https://www.nike.com/tw/orders) [出貨與寄送](https://www.nike.com/tw/help/a/shipping-delivery-gs) [退貨](https://www.nike.com/tw/help/a/returns-policy-gs) [付款選項](https://www.nike.com/tw/help/a/payment-options-gs) [聯絡我們](https://www.nike.com/tw/help/#contact) ## 公司 [關於 Nike](http://about.nike.com/) [最新消息](http://about.nike.com/zh-Hant/newsroom) [職涯發展](https://careers.nike.com) [投資者](http://investors.nike.com/) [環境永續性](https://www.nike.com/tw/sustainability) [影響力](https://about.nike.com/zh-Hant/impact) [報告疑慮](https://speakup.nike.com) 台灣 - 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