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Last updated: 28 February 2023 6 min read ![Everything You Need to Know About Stress Fractures](https://static.nike.com/a/images/f_auto/dpr_1.0,cs_srgb/h_1616,c_limit/042fbf1f-d45a-43b6-819b-c06e71b21bc2/everything-you-need-to-know-about-stress-fractures.jpg) In a perfect world, you'd be able to always perform at maximum intensity, pushing to reach new personal records as you go. In reality, injuries can (and do) happen. If pain continues to be ignored, certain injuries can progress into a stress fracture. Stress fractures tend to be more common in the lower extremities, like your feet and legs, said [Kenneth Jung](https://kerlanjobe.org/physicians/kenneth-s-jung-md/), MD, a foot and ankle orthopaedic surgeon at Cedars-Sinai Kerlan-Jobe Institute in Los Angeles and foot and ankle consultant to the Los Angeles Rams. While stress fractures are common, the injury itself can seem somewhat murky. Here's what you need to know about stress fracture symptoms, how they occur and steps to take to treat the affected area. ## What Is a Stress Fracture? ![Everything You Need to Know About Stress Fractures](https://static.nike.com/a/images/f_auto/dpr_1.0,cs_srgb/w_1212,c_limit/f4e4a5dc-e933-4d8b-8558-7e3ab09163b7/everything-you-need-to-know-about-stress-fractures.jpg) A stress fracture is a tiny crack that forms in a bone, according to the [American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons](https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/stress-fractures/), or AAOS. It's different from a classic fracture though. "Stress fractures are different from regular fractures because they do not involve a high velocity injury or significant trauma", said [Jasmine Toor](https://mdmercy.com/find-a-doctor/jasmine-toor-md), MD, a sports medicine physician at Baltimore's Mercy Medical Center. Instead, she said, they tend to happen from exercises that require a lot of repetition, like long-distance running or gymnastics. Stress fractures are most common in "weight-bearing bones of the body as this is where most weight and forces transfer during certain exercises and activities", Toor said. A stress fracture is "visible on an X-ray", said Phillip Adler, PhD, ATC and licensed athletic trainer and operations manager of orthopaedic outreach for Corewell Health West medical centre in Grand Rapids, Michigan. ## What Typically Causes Stress Fractures? ![Everything You Need to Know About Stress Fractures](https://static.nike.com/a/images/f_auto/dpr_1.0,cs_srgb/w_1212,c_limit/65b7f9d6-466c-43fb-9eb8-550c8e6f9908/everything-you-need-to-know-about-stress-fractures.jpg) According to the AAOS, stress fractures are usually a result of overuse. They happen when muscles become fatigued and aren't able to absorb added shock. The muscles then transfer the extra stress to the bone, causing a crack to form. Stress fractures can happen with activities that tire out muscles or are repetitive, leading to a high demand on the bones, Toor said. When a stress fracture happens, "people are either increasing the frequency of training too fast and don't give the body a chance to recover, while loading the bone the same way every day or doing the same intensity workout every day", Jung said. These factors can "lead to overuse of the bone", Jung said, noting that he sees this "in a lot of youth athletes where they're playing on multiple teams and overlap in teams and sports". Adult runners and athletes are also prone to stress fractures from [increasing their mileage too quickly](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554538/), Jung said. (Related: [How to Increase Your Running Mileage Without Getting Injured, According to Experts](https://www.nike.com/my/a/how-often-to-run)) ## Stress Fracture Symptoms ![Everything You Need to Know About Stress Fractures](https://static.nike.com/a/images/f_auto/dpr_1.0,cs_srgb/w_1212,c_limit/3b51f2ff-cd47-469d-bacf-29804f2537f5/everything-you-need-to-know-about-stress-fractures.jpg) Pain with activity is the most common complaint with a stress fracture, the AAOS said, noting that symptoms begin to subside with rest. The exact amount of rest required varies but the [AAOS](https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/stress-fractures-of-the-foot-and-ankle/#:~:text=It%20typically%20takes%206%20to,cycling%20are%20good%20alternative%20activities.) said it typically takes six to eight weeks to heal. According to the [Cleveland Clinic](https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15841-stress-fractures), the following may also be symptoms of a stress fracture: - Pain, swelling or aching at the site of fracture - Tenderness or "pinpoint pain" when touched on the bone - Pain that happens when you're not exercising, during normal activity or with everyday walking - Pain that is worse with hopping on one leg ## Stress Fracture Treatment ![Everything You Need to Know About Stress Fractures](https://static.nike.com/a/images/f_auto/dpr_1.0,cs_srgb/w_1212,c_limit/16383790-fdda-49b2-bf4d-4d70accad83a/everything-you-need-to-know-about-stress-fractures.jpg) Treatment for a stress fracture is "typically a matter of reducing the stress or load on the bone", Jung said. If you have pain while walking, for example, your doctor may recommend that you wear a boot to help decrease the stress on your lower leg or foot. In some instances, athletes will need crutches, Jung said. As for how much rest is needed, Toor said it really depends on a few factors, including the location of the stress fracture and how well it heals over time. Your doctor can determine the latter during follow-up visits. In general, though, the AAOS noted that it typically takes six to eight weeks to recover from a stress fracture. Following a period of rest, Toor said it's imperative to gradually get back into exercises, slowly ramping up the intensity and duration to avoid putting too much stress on the bone. "This is typically monitored by physiotherapy and a sports medicine physician", she said. Another thing your doctor will probably want to do is check your form. "It is very important to correct form and technique that may have contributed to the stress fracture", Toor said. "A detailed assessment, which can include an evaluation of muscle flexibility, strength and gait assessment is important as impairment in strength and flexibility of muscles result in abnormal forces on the weight-bearing bones". If your form is off and your GP suspects that led to your stress fracture, it's vital to work to correct it. Repeatedly practising incorrect form could raise the risk of another stress fracture, she said. ## Stress Fracture Prevention ![Everything You Need to Know About Stress Fractures](https://static.nike.com/a/images/f_auto/dpr_1.0,cs_srgb/w_1212,c_limit/436317cc-ee89-4954-a57f-ea5c26bf6a7b/everything-you-need-to-know-about-stress-fractures.jpg) There are a few things you can do to lower the risk of developing a stress fracture. - __Strength training.__ "I recommend strength training to ensure that the muscles around common areas are strong enough to absorb impact or stress so the bone does not have to", Adler said. Consider working with a certified personal trainer or licensed physiotherapist to develop a strength training programme that's specific to your weak points and general body makeup. - __Supportive shoes.__ "Make sure shoes are properly fitted with enough support based on foot arch type and running style", Adler said. Long-distance runners also need to be mindful of mileage on a shoe, he said. It's [generally recommended](https://www.nike.com/my/a/when-to-replace-running-shoes) that you change your shoes every 500 to 800 kilometres. - __Cross-train.__ Mixing up your go-to exercises can help relieve stress on your bones, Jung said. That means making sure you have a few cross-training days in the mix each week so you're not constantly stressing your bones in the same way, he said. - __Eat a healthy diet.__ That includes plenty of [calcium and vitamin D-rich foods](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20970764/#:~:text=A%20randomized%20trial%20in%20female,with%20increased%20dietary%20calcium%20intake.), Jung said. You can ask your GP to test your blood if you're concerned that you may have a deficit in these nutrients. Words by Korin Miller ![Everything You Need to Know About Stress Fractures, Move Daily with the Nike Training Club](https://static.nike.com/a/images/f_auto/dpr_1.0,cs_srgb/h_1212,c_limit/32513477-08fe-4d1d-a047-32b6b86ee631/everything-you-need-to-know-about-stress-fractures.png) [](https://niketrainingclub.sng.link/Ara19/3ocq/gnbq?pcn=OGC%20Articles%20HO21&_dl=niketrainingclub%3A%2F%2Fx-callback-url%2Fworkout%2Ffeatured) ### Move Daily with the Nike Training Club Get free guidance from trainers and experts to strengthen your body and mind. [Explore NTC](https://niketrainingclub.sng.link/Ara19/3ocq/gnbq?pcn=OGC%20Articles%20HO21&_dl=niketrainingclub%3A%2F%2Fx-callback-url%2Fworkout%2Ffeatured) Originally published: 22 February 2023 ## Related Stories - ![What Muscles Do Planks Work? Experts Explain](https://static.nike.com/a/images/f_auto/dpr_1.0,cs_srgb/w_600,c_limit/7ae084d8-4d13-4a39-97b3-c6fcf4d3d02d/what-muscles-do-planks-work-experts-explain.jpg) [](https://www.nike.com/my/a/what-muscles-do-planks-work) # Sport & activity # All the Muscles That Fire Up In a Plank - ![The Workout Routine for Beginners You Need to Try, According to a Personal Trainer](https://static.nike.com/a/images/f_auto/dpr_1.0,cs_srgb/w_600,c_limit/9f436ff4-a18a-493c-9d8a-53d120bb8a7d/the-workout-routine-for-beginners-you-need-to-try-according-to-a-personal-trainer.jpg) [](https://www.nike.com/my/a/workout-for-beginner) # Sport & Activity # Starting to Build a Fitness Routine? Try This Trainer-Approved Workout for Beginners - ![The Benefits of Deadlifts, According to Experts](https://static.nike.com/a/images/f_auto/dpr_1.0,cs_srgb/w_600,c_limit/ca6756c3-5277-4500-8ef0-351ec8b5bce4/the-benefits-of-deadlifts-according-to-experts.jpg) [](https://www.nike.com/my/a/deadlift-benefits-and-tips) # Sport & Activity # The Benefits of Deadlifts, According to Experts - ![3 Treadmill Workouts That Can Boost Your Fitness](https://static.nike.com/a/images/f_auto/dpr_1.0,cs_srgb/w_600,c_limit/7662fb56-340f-463a-bac6-3776014b398c/3-treadmill-workouts-that-can-boost-your-fitness.jpg) [](https://www.nike.com/my/a/treadmill-workouts) # Sport & Activity # 3 Treadmill Workouts That Can Boost Your Fitness - ![The Quick Ab Workout Trainers Love](https://static.nike.com/a/images/f_auto/dpr_1.0,cs_srgb/w_600,c_limit/49133177-00ea-41f8-881a-2c394a7c766f/the-quick-ab-workout-trainers-love.jpg) [](https://www.nike.com/my/a/quick-ab-workout) # Sport & Activity # The Quick, 15-Minute Ab Workout Personal Trainers Love Resources [Find A Store](https://www.nike.com/my/retail) [Become A Member](https://www.nike.com/my/register) [Running Shoe Finder](https://www.nike.com/my/running/shoe-finder) [Product Advice](https://www.nike.com/my/product-advice) [Nike Coaching](https://www.nike.com/my/coaching) [Education Discounts](https://www.nike.com/my/help/a/student-discount-gs) [Send Us Feedback](https://www.nike.com#site-feedback) Help [Get Help](https://www.nike.com/my/help) [Order Status](https://www.nike.com/orders/details/) [Delivery](https://www.nike.com/my/help/a/shipping-delivery-gs) [Returns](https://www.nike.com/my/help/a/returns-policy-gs) [Payment Options](https://www.nike.com/my/help/a/payment-options-gs) [Contact Us](https://www.nike.com/my/help/#contact) Company [About Nike](http://about.nike.com/) [News](https://about.nike.com/en-GB/newsroom) [Careers](https://careers.nike.com) [Investors](http://investors.nike.com/) [Sustainability](https://www.nike.com/my/sustainability) [Impact](https://about.nike.com/en-GB/impact) [Report a Concern](https://speakup.nike.com) ## Resources [Find A Store](https://www.nike.com/my/retail) [Become A Member](https://www.nike.com/my/register) [Running Shoe Finder](https://www.nike.com/my/running/shoe-finder) [Product Advice](https://www.nike.com/my/product-advice) [Nike Coaching](https://www.nike.com/my/coaching) [Education Discounts](https://www.nike.com/my/help/a/student-discount-gs) [Send Us Feedback](https://www.nike.com#site-feedback) ## Help [Get Help](https://www.nike.com/my/help) [Order Status](https://www.nike.com/orders/details/) [Delivery](https://www.nike.com/my/help/a/shipping-delivery-gs) [Returns](https://www.nike.com/my/help/a/returns-policy-gs) [Payment Options](https://www.nike.com/my/help/a/payment-options-gs) [Contact Us](https://www.nike.com/my/help/#contact) ## Company [About Nike](http://about.nike.com/) [News](https://about.nike.com/en-GB/newsroom) [Careers](https://careers.nike.com) [Investors](http://investors.nike.com/) [Sustainability](https://www.nike.com/my/sustainability) [Impact](https://about.nike.com/en-GB/impact) [Report a Concern](https://speakup.nike.com) Malaysia - © 2026 Nike, Inc. 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